Development Of Human Resource Management Essay - 1657 Words

Literature Review â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management research and its practices from the points of view of internationalization, corporate culture, and hierarchical development in the time of China s economic transition. Last but not least, it introduces the future prospects and trends of HRM in China. Although this article mainly focuses on the HRM system in the whole Chinese business society, still, most part of the insights can be instructively enlightening for Chinese SOEs. Shuming and Juan expressed that HR management practice in Chinese enterprises keep on exhibiting issues. To start with, most organizations are attempting to figure an assortment of HR management approaches and policies reliable with the best practices. Nevertheless, the official capacity in numerous organizations still should be made strides. Second, most organizations have constructed the capacity to lead position administration through job analysis, yet, the level of standardization is still generally low. Third, the recruitment work in Chinese ventures hasShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Development1748 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource management entails managing recruitment, planning, and implementing a selection of organizational development training within the business. 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Justice in Antigone Free Essays

Antiquity and the 19th Century (Ulfers) William Rauscher Thursday, 9:30AM Justice in Antigone In Sophocles’ Antigone, two notions of ‘justice’ are presented, which conflict with each other. Creon’s form of justice rewards the loyal Eteocles and punishes the traitor Polyneices, by refusing to give Polyneices proper burial rites. This form of justice directly conflicts with Antigone’s idea of justice, which doesn’t differentiate between the â€Å"wicked† and the â€Å"just. We will write a custom essay sample on Justice in Antigone or any similar topic only for you Order Now † These two conflicting thoughts on justice illustrate two classic philosophies. Creon represents a Paramenidean view of justice, while Antigone represents a Heraclitean view of justice. Paramenidean thought splits the world into two systems, where â€Å"Being† is primary and â€Å"Becoming† is secondary (Ulfers, Lecture). To Paramenides, â€Å"Being† is associated with the idea of â€Å"oneness† and â€Å"timelessness,† while any â€Å"Becoming† or process is an illusion produced by the senses. This dualistic worldview simplifies everyday occurrences and thoughts into opposites, which are unchangeable. In contrast, Heraclitean thought presents â€Å"Becoming† as primary, while â€Å"Being† is secondary (Ulfers, Lecture). Heraclitus regards change and temporality as ultimate in a perpetual process of â€Å"Becoming. † Heraclitus goes on to argue that opposites are simultaneously present in a state known as chiasmic unity. Chiasmic unity constitutes a paradoxical unity of opposites, which binds opposites together and keeps them apart. Heraclitean thought favors the logic of â€Å"both/and,† which violates the Paramenidean logic of â€Å"either/or. † Antigone presents a Heraclitean view of justice in a conversation with her sister Ismene abut Creon’s proclamation that their brother, Polyneices, will ot receive proper burial rites. Antigone determines that Creon has no authority to dictate burial rites: â€Å"It is not for him [Creon] to keep me from my own† (Sophocles, 163). By choosing to defy Creon’s decree, Antigone accepts her fate as â€Å"a criminal-but a religious one,† revealing that she wants to make her act of defiance a public example. Antigone does not fear Creon’s threat of punishment because she follows a different form of justice based on a higher religious authority. Religion functions in a chiasmic structure, where the opposite values of â€Å"wicked† and â€Å"just,† lose their oppositional aspects (Ulfers, Lecture). Antigone’s commitment to a Heraclitean view of justice allows her to defy the sovereign, yet keep her honor: â€Å"No suffering of mine will be enough to make me die ignobly† (Sophocles 165). In contrast, Ismene chooses to follow Creon’s interpretation of justice because he is the current ruling power, whose authority is unquestioned. She is not able to see past the â€Å"either/or† logic Creon has imposed on his people. As a wiser, older sister, Ismene warns Antigone about disobeying Creon, pleading with Antigone to come to her senses: â€Å"†¦and see how miserable our end shall be if in the teeth of law we shall transgress against the sovereign’s decree and power†¦Extravagant action is not sensible† (Sophocles, 163). Ismene determines that Antigone’s intended action is flawed because it goes beyond the simplicity of following the sovereign’s law. Despite these warnings, Antigone is compelled to defy Creon’s proclamation as a result of her Heraclitean view of justice. Creon confronts Antigone for defying his decree. In contrast to Antigone, Creon represents the Paramenidean view of justice, which is based on an oppositional order of wicked and just, punishment and reward (Ulfers, Lecture). Creon extends these distinctions to the realm of the dead: â€Å"My enemy is still my enemy even in death† (Sophocles 181). Creon believes that by extending the intolerance of treachery into death’s realm, he will set an example that will dissuade any future uprisings against his rule. Antigone shows no remorse for her actions, believing that Creon’s rule does not extend to the realm of the dead: â€Å"†¦it was not Zeus that made the proclamation; nor did Justice, which lives with those below, enact such laws as that, for mankind. I did not believe your proclamation had such power to enable one who will someday die to override God’s ordinances† (Sophocles 178). Antigone disagrees with Creon, since death is inevitable and is neither considered a punishment nor a reward. In this sense, judgment is suspended in the realm of death. She feels that the mortal Creon cannot make a proclamation that governs the realm of the dead. Antigone embodies a â€Å"law† that revolves around the chiasmic unity of the opposite values of honor and dishonor attributed to Etocles and Polyneices, respectively (Ulfers, Lecture). She will not give allegiance to the temporal rules of Creon, since she will be in conflict with the higher authority of the gods regarding the realm of death: â€Å"The god of death demands these rites for both† (Sophocles 181). As a result of Antigone’s public display of disobedience toward Creon’s rule, Creon believes that he is forced to fulfill the justified punishment of death on Antigone. In order to uphold his authority as a good ruler, he feels that he has to rule with intolerance toward disobedience: â€Å"The man the city set up in authority must be obeyed in small things and in just but also in their opposites† (Sophocles, 187). In Creon’s mind, creating a victorious rule means inflexible justice, order, and discipline. This unchanging mentality of a strict separation of being either loyal or disloyal and receiving either reward or punishment represents a Paramenidean view of justice. His form of justice is devoid of leniency and mercy, only seeing his own perspective on justice. Creon finally realizes the true â€Å"injustice† of his law only after the tragic deaths of his son, wife, and Antigone: â€Å"The mistakes of a blinded man are themselves rigid and laden with death† (Sophocles, 209). His inflexible decrees blinded him from true justice by locking him into a rigid Paramenidean view of the world. After facing unparalleled tragedies, he ultimately has gained insight into Antigone’s â€Å"justice. † Creon has switched from the Paramenidean separation of opposites to the chiasmic unity of opposites: â€Å"Everything in my hands is crossed† (Sophocles, 212). Creon is now able to comprehend that not everything can be categorized into separate distinctions to be judged, seeming to accept the Heraclitean view of justice. Creon sees the error in his notion of justice, but he is too late to prevent the tragedy that befalls him. His absolute power of ruling combined with his pride and arrogance leads him to be blinded to Antigone’s beliefs. At the end of the play, Creon gains â€Å"wisdom† from his â€Å"unwelcome fate† realizing that he â€Å"[should] have kept the old accepted laws† (Sophocles 204, 212). This realization bestows upon him the knowledge to rule in favor of the â€Å"both/and† Heraclitean view of justice, rather than the â€Å"either/or† Paramenidean view of justice that he once followed. How to cite Justice in Antigone, Essay examples

Accounting Research Critique Theory and Current Issue

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Research Critique for Theory and Current Issue. Answer: Introduction The main topic of the selected article is to examine the positive approach in accounting research. This critique is aimed to review conducted research objectively and to determine the strengths and weaknesses systematically. In this research critique, the application of positive research in the accounting field is the major argument. This critique includes arguments for the use of positive research in the accounting practice. This paper includes systematic analysis of arguments presented in the given article. In this paper, summary, research questions, theoretical framework, significance and limitations of the article are included and analyzed to critique the selected piece of research. Summary of the Article This article focuses on analyzing positive research in the accounting discipline. In this, researcher aimed to determine both significance and drawbacks of this theory by reviewing its broad academic projects along with the ontological and epistemological assumptions. Positive accounting is explained as research program that seeks to frame cause and effective relationship of human behavior in the field of accounting. In this, the recent accounting and auditing literature are selected to reveal major deficiencies of the processes and methods, which are used to perform positive accounting research in reality and their role in preventing the development of wider project accurately (Dunmore, 2011). In this article, statistical method of hypotheses testing, theoretical models, analytical models, replication are some aspects of positive accounting research is analyzed to determine the deficiencies in the practice of positive accounting theory. The gap between real and expected performance of positive research in the accounting field is found. The author advocates the view of Kuhn for normal science in which the large number of problems is solved by adopting set of beliefs and practices. In accordance to the view of normal science, science is a kind of play in which defines certain rules to solve problems. If a researcher fails to follow rules then he/she would be excluded from the scientific community. But, the emergence of new thoughts makes the exiting paradigm ineffective, which will lead to the development of new paradigm (Dunmore, 2011). By examining the ontology and epistemology of positive research, underperformance of current accounting research practice is determined in terms of the existing requirement of accounting. Research Questions or hypotheses In this article, researcher formed four hypotheses to organize the investigation in terms of examining the practice positive research in the field of accounting. The first hypothesis of this research includes existence of world or events, which has independence nature and thus they are beyond the control of humans. The causes of events are also elements of such independent world. Careful observation of such events makes possible for people to understand the causes. But observations can be wrong if they are not made without making complete disconnection with the world (Dunmore, 2011). Intellectual enquiry means to use observations for understanding the causes of events through the use of mental models. The given hypotheses of this research are quite valuable in terms of gaining insights regarding the thinking process behind an investigation or scientific enquiry. Through this, the process of making rationale enquiry of the world can be understood. This is quite effective for accessing the methods and ways of conducting positive research in the accounting field to determine the deficiencies in its implementation. The value of the hypotheses is flowed from the literature review of this article at the greater extent as it includes analysis of positive research examples in accounting and the application of scientific ontology and epistemology (Dunmore, 2011). By using theories and model, the hypotheses are systematically tested. In the literature review of this article, previous reseasarch are included and analyzed to make conceptual testing of hypotheses. The included literature is quite effective for investigating the process of intellectual enquiry and explaining the falsification o f theory on the basis of observation (Weakliem, 2016). Statistical hypotheses testings logic in concern of quantitative positive accounting research is also accessed to test the hypotheses related to the rationale enquiry of research. After the analysis, a literature for explaining ways of conducting more insightful positive accounting research is included that makes the hypotheses more significant (Dunmore, 2011). Thus, the article is quite significant in terms of stating valuable hypotheses in concern of the accounting field. The literature of the research is also tested the developed hypotheses in the systematic manner. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of this research is developed through the inclusion of different theoretical perspectives of previous researchers. Positive accounting theory (PAT) means to examine the real life examples to understand the behavior of accountants in a situation. The real world accounting transactions and events are analyzed to predict the way companies develop the accounting treatment for transactions. It is the main theory of this article over which major arguments is developed. The casual theory of human behavior is also employed in this article to indicate that behavior and personality is an outcome of experiences (Dennis, 2015). The experience causes learning and it is responsible for developing behavior and personality. Falsifiability theory of Karl Popper is also main theoretical substance of this article. The criterion of falsifiability is employed by the researcher to indicate the ineffectiveness of induction in proving a theory. Falsifiability is the main criteria, which proves a scientific theory. In order to make a scientific theory, it is critical to include falsification criteria as such theories are more useful (Popper, 2014). On the basis of observations and knowledge, the development of scientific principles and theories is not possible as they can be result of external and internal influences. This theory indicates that biasness and personal experiences influences the experience and consequently theory. Science theory is one that can be calculated and tested. The other theoretical substance of this article is Kuhns normal science theory in which assumptions, principles and methods for members of the paradigm are discussed. A shared paradigm is critical for the existence of science. In normal science theory, science means engagement in puzzle solving. Due to this, it is not essential that all puzzle-solving is successful. In some situation, the scientists may find contrary view from the existing paradigm and it causes increase in the complexity. In accordance to the theory of normal science, a scientist has paradigm to accumulate details slowly in agreement of the broad established theory without creating challenges for the assumptions of theory. This allows a scientist to make bulk of investigation and to conduct scientific work through puzzle-solving process. In normal science, paradigm is critical for practicing normal science (Bar-Am, 2014). In this article, the researcher details this theory is highly suitable for determining deficien cies in the positive research in the field of accounting. By detailing normal science theory of Kuhn, the researcher engaged in describing the limitation of applying positive research in accounting practice. The audit-fee concept also laid the development of theoretical framework in this article (Dunmore, 2011). In this article, firms decision for charging auditing fee is analyzed to determine difficulties in accounting field to determine the casual relation with the auditing fess and complexity. The Significance and Limitations of the Article The structure and data collection method is the major strength of this article. Secondary data collection method is employed by researcher to include thoughts and opinions of different researchers and to collect relevant information. By using existing literature, arguments for and against positive accounting research is justified clearly that enhances the value of information of this article. Similarly, existing literature from the field of accounting and auditing is also included by the researcher in this article to present relevant theories for making this enquiry highly informed and relevant in terms of analyzing the developed hypotheses. The structure is also other major strength of this article as it is quite effective in terms of testing the developed hypotheses clearly and to improve the relevancy of this research. The structure includes gradual examination of the developed hypotheses and to determine deficiencies in the practice of positive research within the accounting fiel d. After determining deficiencies, this structure includes recommendations and conclusion to enhance the application of positive accounting research. The applied theory in this article is quite effective to examine the ontology and epistemology of a positive accounting research. But, the theory is not significant in terms of establishing the limitations of the positive accounting research in terms of the practical world. In this article, researcher found that Kuhn's description of normal" science is more relevant with the positive accounting research. The included theories in this article also have some limitations, which are not investigated in concern of the presented arguments for positive accounting researchs application (Drouin et al., 2013). The author did not acknowledge this limitation. This limitation influences the practicability of the arguments presented for positive research approach. In this article, suggestions for implementing positive approach in accounting field are also discussed, which also lacks practicability. Theories are effectively used by the researcher to depict required improvements regarding theoretical models, statistical tests, measurement methods and replication in the application of positive research. It lacks ways through which the suggestions can be applied to improve the accounting research with the use of positive approach. It reduces the value of the findings in term of contributing in addressing the deficiencies of positive research in accounting setting. This limitation affects the significance of articles findings and outcomes. In this research article, wide range of theories is employed by the researcher to analyze the application of positive accounting research in the accounting discipline. The methodology of justifying arguments through theories and recent papers is quite effective in terms of making informed findings. Conclusions It can be concluded on the basis of above discussion that this article has meaningful discussion for examining the application of positive accounting research in the real world. The critique for this article is valuable in terms of developing an insightful knowledge regarding the theories that facilitates the application of positive accounting research. By including range of existing literature range of theories such as Kuhns normal science and Poppers falsification, researcher presented theoretical evidences regarding the deficiencies of positive accounting research. The application of positive approach in accounting field has several problems such as lack of formal construction of theoretical models, excessive dependence on the hypothesiss testing models, avoidance for numerical parameters and examination of qualitative data on the basis of theories, which affects the ability to achieve the scientific objectives. This article includes effective examination of developed hypotheses o n the basis of existing literature to critically analyze the application of positive research in accosting discipline. The methodology of this research is effective to generate informed findings, but it lacks practicability. This may affect significance of this researchs outcomes. References Bar-Am, N. (2014). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 50th. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(5), 688-701. Dennis, I. (2015). Auditing Theory. UK: Routledge. Drouin, N., Mller, R. and Sankaran, S. eds. (2013). Novel approaches to organizational project management research: translational and transformational (Vol. 29). Copenhagen Business School Press DK. Dunmore, P.V. (2011). Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Retrieved From: https://www.whariki.ac.nz/massey/fms/Colleges/College%20of%20Business/School%20of%20Accountancy/Documents/Discussion%20Papers/222.pdf Popper, K. (2014). Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. UK: Routledge. Weakliem, D.L. (2016). Hypothesis Testing and Model Selection in the Social Sciences. Guilford Publications.

Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morries Essay Example For Students

Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morries Essay Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morrie is a true novel based upon an older dying mans outlook on life. Throughout the story, the older man teaches his past We will write a custom essay on Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now student about life as his body is slowly withering away from the Lou Gehrigs Disease. CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT: Morrie Schwartz (the older man) teaches his student, Mitch Albom, what really matters in life. The only way that I can begin to describe Morries character, is to quote an excerpt from pg. 10 regarding his reaction after being diagnosed: But my old professor had a profound decision, one he began to construct the day he came out of the doctors office with a sword hanging over his head. Do I wither up and disappear, or do I make the best of my time left? He asked himself. He would not wither. He would not be ashamed of dying. Instead he would make death his final project, the center point of his days. Since everyone was going to die, he could be of great value, right? He could be research. A human textbook. Study me in my slow and patient demise. Watch what happens to me. Learn with me. Morrie would walk that final bridge between life and death, and narrate the trip. Based on his decision not to wither up and die, and instead use his dying, as an opportunity to teach others what truly matters in life, shows how unselfish and positive he really was. Morrie didnt see his time spent ill as a waste, instead, he said, and I quote, I mourn my dwindling time, but I cherish the chance it gives me to make things right. (Pg. 167) As a way to further carry out Morries wish to be useful, both Morrie and Mitch decided to meet every Tuesday to study and discuss lifes greatest lessons. Not only do we see evidence of Morries character, we also see a change in Mitch and his values. With Morrie as a guide, Mitch begins to understand that money, and materialistic wealth, have less significance than things such as relationships, forgiveness, and love. IMAGERY: An excerpt from the book, which related to imagery, was what Morrie referred to as detachment. As he was recovering from a violent coughing spell, he began to explain to Mitch the ability to detach yourself from your emotions. He believed that experiencing life and the emotions that go along with each situation were very important. Morrie explained to Mitch that it was necessary to experience and feel your emotions fully rather than ignore them or pretend that they dont exist as so many of us do. This is more fully explained in an excerpt from pg. 105: Morries approach was exactly the opposite. Turn on the faucet. Wash yourself with the emotion. It wont hurt you. It will only help. If you let the fear inside, if you pull it on like a familiar shirt, then you can say to yourself, All right, its just fear, I dont have to let it control me. I see it for what it is. Same for loneliness: you let go, let the tears flow, feel it completely-but eventually be able to say, All right, that was my moment with loneliness. Im not afraid of feeling lonely, but now Im going to put that loneliness aside and know that there are other emotions in the world, and Im going to experience them as well. When Morrie detaches himself from his emotions, he is not simply ignoring and blocking them, but experiencing them fully as well as separating himself .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .postImageUrl , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:hover , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:visited , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:active { border:0!important; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:active , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer Essayfrom them so that they will not control him. In this sense at least he can slightly escape the fear of his emotions without fully ignoring them. Morrie did not want to leave the world through a violent coughing spell, instead he wanted to understand what was happening to him, find acceptance in it, and be able to let go in a peaceful manner. THEME: The theme of this book is about an old dying man who teaches his young student .

John Woolman compared to William Bradford essays

John Woolman compared to William Bradford essays Thomas Morton was a lawyer in England who traveled to New England several times. He got sent back every time except the last time when he died in Maine. Morton viewed the New World as a suitable place to inhabit. Being a cavalier, Morton complied to the teachings of the King and Church in England. His writings served as a sort of promotion for the New World and he spoke of the Native Americans in Morton describes the Native Americans as being decent and modest around him, showing him respect. ...and this they wear to hide their secrets of nature...so much modesty they use in that particular... (p. 283) In a way, Morton praises the Native Americans for being civilized. He has respect for the way they presented themselves to him and how they acted around him. Morton speaks of the children and the way they respect their elders. He realizes that the way the Native Americans raise their children is somewhat similar to the way he would raise his own. The younger are always obedient unto the elder people, and at their commands in every respect without grumbling... (p. 284) I think Morton tries his hardest to present the Natives as good people and to ensure those back in England that the new World would be a great place to establish a new colony. Religion was important to Morton and his people at hoe and he includes that even though the Natives arent practicing the same religion as they, the Natives do have a Mortons approach to the new World was one out of respect. He did not fear the unknown, instead, he became their allies and spoke very highly of them. He tried his best to understand their ways and the things they did and he accepted them. He didnt shun them because they were different and unfamiliar. He went about describing them in a very dignified manner, giving them the same respect they William Bradford had a very dist...

The Myth of the Bra Burning Feminists of the Sixties

The Myth of the Bra Burning Feminists of the Sixties Who was it who said, â€Å"History is but a fable agreed upon?† Voltaire? Napoleon? It doesn’t really matter (history, in this case, fails us) because at least the sentiment is solid. Telling stories is what we humans do, and in some cases, veracity be damned if the truth isn’t as colorful as what we can make up. Then theres what psychologists call the Rashomon Effect, in which different people experience the same event in contradictory ways. And sometimes, major players conspire to advance one version of an event over the other. Burn, Baby, Burn Take the long-held assumption, found even in some of the most respected history books, that 1960s feminists demonstrated against the patriarchy by burning their bras. Of all the myths surrounding women’s history, bra burning has been one of the most tenacious. Some grew up believing it, never mind that as far as any serious scholar has been able to determine, no early feminist demonstration included a trash can full of flaming lingerie. The Birth of a Rumor The infamous demonstration that gave birth to this rumor was the  1968 protest of the Miss America contest. Bras, girdles, nylons, and other articles of constricting clothing were tossed in a trash can. Maybe the act became conflated with other images of protest that did include lighting things on fire, namely public displays of draft-card burning. But the lead organizer of the protest, Robin Morgan, asserted in a New York Times article the next day that no bras were burned. â€Å"That’s a media myth,† she said, going on to say that any bra-burning was just symbolic. Media Misrepresentation But that didn’t stop one paper, the Atlantic City Press, from crafting the headline â€Å"Bra-burners Blitz Boardwalk,† for one of two articles it published on the protest. That article explicitly stated: â€Å"As the bras, girdles, falsies, curlers, and copies of popular women’s magazines burned in the ‘Freedom Trash Can, the demonstration reached the pinnacle of ridicule when the participants paraded a small lamb wearing a gold banner worded ‘Miss America.† The second story’s writer, Jon Katz,  remembered years later that there was a brief fire in the trash can- but apparently, no one else remembers that fire. And other reporters did not report a fire. Another example of conflating memories? In any case, this certainly was not the wild flames described later by media personalities like Art Buchwald, who wasnt even near Atlantic City at the time of the protest. Whatever the reason, many media commentators, the same ones who renamed the  womens liberation movement  with the condescending term Womens Lib, took up the term and promoted it. Perhaps there were some bra-burnings in imitation of the supposed leading-edge demonstrations that didnt really happen, though so far theres been no documentation of those, either. A Symbolic Act The symbolic act of tossing those clothes into the trash can was meant as a serious critique of the modern beauty culture, of valuing women for their looks instead of their whole self. Going braless felt like a revolutionary act- being comfortable above meeting social expectations. Trivialized in the End Bra-burning quickly became trivialized as silly rather than empowering.  One Illinois legislator was quoted in the 1970s, responding to an  Equal Rights Amendment  lobbyist, calling feminists braless, brainless broads. Perhaps it caught on so quickly as a myth because it made the womens movement look ridiculous and obsessed with trivialities. Focusing on bra burners distracted from the larger issues at hand, like equal pay, child care, and reproductive rights. Finally, since most magazine and newspaper editors and writers were men, it was highly unlikely they would give credence to the issues bra burning represented: unrealistic expectations of female beauty and body image.

Conduct on-line research to locate two (2) recent cases (one of child Essay

Conduct on-line research to locate two (2) recent cases (one of child abuse and one of elder abuse). Summarize the case and iden - Essay Example Meanwhile, he kept abusing the child as well. Piskorski used to scald the child with boiling water, and held his hand into the heater. Piskorski also mistreated and endangered the child in many other ways. He was also alleged to have tried to stuff Scheurman’s son into the freezer. During the court proceedings, the judge slapped a lash against one of the benches in the court room to explain the way Piskorski used to abuse the little child, as per his understanding of the matter. Dr. Susan Omura, who was appointed as the child’s emergency physician during the court proceedings, treated the child. After examining the body of the little child completely, Dr. Susan Omura identified numerous marks of injuries. According to her, it was â€Å"one of the most severe cases of child abuse she’s ever seen† (KPTV, 2010). Sue Robinson, one of the child’s family members, said she could not recognize him when she first saw the boy lying on a bed in the hospital be cause of excessive swelling all over his body. When investigated, Scheurman told that she was so badly in love with Piskorski that she overlooked the abuse he would offer to her son. Because of her careless attitude, inconsideration and neglect, Scheurman was sentenced to jail for 180 days. In addition to that, she was offered 3 years of probation, and was required to undergo a thorough psychological treatment. Bill Robinson, the lawyer said, â€Å"As much time as he possibly can get. ... He was left to suffer from psychological stress and trauma for the life ahead. Physically abused children may recover injuries and scars on their bodies, but the marks on their mind never fade away. Adult abuse case study: Helen was a girl in mid 20s when the incident happened. She suffers from extreme learning difficulties. She lived in a residential area. On one eve in the summer, as she was alone in her home, she was raped by one of the temporary staff members, who had stayed for the night shift. Because of her learning and speaking difficulties, she did not know how she would narrate her story to others. After a period of 5 months, the care team of Helen found out that she was pregnant. A care professional said, â€Å"They discovered the relief care agency hadn't done the proper checks† (Hogg, 2009). In order to identify the culprit responsible for Helen’s condition, a forensic investigation was carried out. Soon after the investigation opened, the temporary staff m ember was caught. He was an illegal immigrant. The worker got imprisoned and it was considered as Helen’s success. However, the trauma the woman went through at the time she was raped, the after-rape period and later, when she was declared pregnant was too much for the justification of few years of imprisonment for the rapist. Not only was she humiliated at the time when she was raped, but she would have to live with the memories of it for the rest of her life along with her child. Therefore, such kinds of cases offer the victim both physical and psychological abuse. Helen’s was only one of millions of cases that happen all over the world every day. â€Å"Women age 12 or older annually sustained almost 5 million violent victimizations in 1992 and 1993† (Sound Vision, 2011). In every day work,

The informative speech. (Preparation Outline) Essay

The informative speech. (Preparation Outline) - Essay Example Have you ever know what are the psychological theories of aging process? II. I will inform you about the three major theories of aging process, their consequences on human mind. I have seen aged people around me with some problems. Some of them are expressive while some of them prefer to remain silent. III. I will inform you the different theories involved in aging process. There are biological as well as psychological theories. Basically I want to focus on the psychological theories of aging process. 2. Historically, the psychological study of human aging evolved in the twentieth century. Publications that mark this evolution are, for instance, Eisdorfer and Lawton (1973) and the first handbook on the psychology of aging edited by Birren and Schaie. 3.1. The Activity Theory: This theory is also known as implicit theory of aging or normal theory of aging. The theory was developed by Robert J. Havighurst in 1961. According to this theory, a successful aging takes place when older people remain active and maintain their social interactions. 3.2. Disangagement Theory: It is based on the observation in the USA study of Cumming and Henry (1979) According to this theory, â€Å"aging is an inevitable mutual withdrawal or disengagement, resulting in decreased interaction between aging person and others in the social systems he belongs to.† ii. Social activeness by encouraging them to stay in the company of same member group in our housing society such as senior citizens club. Taking proper and healthy diet and involve in some physical activities that will suit them. Aging is an inevitable process in everyones life. The information I provide you about aging will be useful to know scientifically and cognitively about aging process. I explain the major theories in which you can study human behaviour in aging period. Now be familiar with the aging

Psychology Debate Essay Example for Free

Psychology Debate Essay Psychology is a human science and should thereby leave the study of biology to the biologists. Psychology, as defined by the APA is, ‘the study of the mind and behaviour’(APA, 2013), this definition states that psychology is indeed separate to that of biology as biology by definition is ‘the branch of science concerned with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living and non-living organisms’ (biology online, 2013), this implies that the two are indeed two different disciplines which do not require interaction, as they are simply focusing on different things. A good example of the two disciplines being separate, is psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis, a method of therapy developed by Freud and still used widely today, focuses on the subconscious and says that mental illness is caused by underlying traumas, repressed memories and unconscious desires. If these are brought to the surface, by the patient verbalising under hypnosis of these repressed, unconscious and underlying issues, it is thought that by uncovering them they will find answers. Psychoanalysis has no foundations in biology and even as it has been expanded upon by people such as Adler and Jung, still does not believe that biology is relevant to psychology (Kandel, 1999). The simple fact that they are, still to this day, separate disciplines again reinforces that they are separate spheres of study and should remain that way. AGAINST: Psychologists need an understanding of biology in order to treat patients, and understand concepts fully.  Psychology could not be practiced if it was not for the fundamental biology that sets human beings apart from any other species. An understanding of the brain, body and how they function and there interactions and co-existence with psychological concepts such as mood, personality, emotions are integral and in fact, psychology needs a biological foundation and understanding to even begin to interpret psychological concepts (Weiten, 1992). When taking a closer look at the definitions mentioned previously, they both study life. Since biology is the study of life psychology fits into this definition as psychologists too study life. In saying that, the study of life should not be left up to the biologists as they are typically concerned with the structure, function, growth, evolution and distribution of living and non-living organisms, whereas psychologists look deeper into the study of life, not just seeing it as a science but seeing it as an avenue to help and better people’s lives through understanding the fundamental biological workings of the brain. But without an understanding of the human brain and body and how it functions psychologists would not be able to put these two disciplines together to achieve their outcomes. It is crucial for a psychologist to understand the work of biology in order to be an effective psychologist. Without a biological basis, there would be no way that psychology would even be a pro-active discipline. Diagnosing a patient today, requires the psychologist to be able to understand the biological forces which influence behaviour (Weiten, 1992).

How Romance Is Celebrated In Literature :: essays research papers

The course of time has opened many doors in terms of romance. The present age not only consists many different forms in which love can be expressed, but exhibits the essence of romance that dates back to the dawn of time. Love has existed in many forms throughout time. There is no better example than in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. In this tale, when love is most apparent, the most crucial events occur to develop this "tragedy." Firstly, the lustful romance of Mercutio and Benvolio, Romeo’s comrades have never been in true love, their ideas of love is based merely on physical attributes, whereas ‘love is skin deep’.Mercutio, in contrast with Romeo knows not of true love, as "He jests at scars that never felt a wound." (II.ii.1) His idea of love is when he tries to "conjure" Romeo to respond. His childish, immature attitude towards love is expressed when he describes Rosaline’s features:"Her high forehead" and "quivering thigh"(II.ii.18-19). This lustful idea of romance is only emphasised when he describes Rosaline as "An open-arse and thou a poperin pear!"Rosaline, Romeo’s initial unrequited love seemed irrelevant once Romeo had set his eyes upon Juliet. This may portray a side of Romeo, which shows that as easily as he falls ‘in’ love, he can fall ‘out’ of love. However, Romeo and Juliet’s love was pure and ideal, and because of their forbidden love, it leads them to their graves. Upon seeing Juliet all alone, talking in soliloquy, Romeo proclaims, "It is the east, and Juliet is the Sun," this metaphor enhances Juliet’s beauty as it is exaggerated and pronounced as the beauty of the sun. The forbidden love of Romeo and Juliet is spawned from the feud between the two households; Capulet and Montague and throughout Juliet’s ‘supposed’ soliloquy, she ponders over the prospect of the two families’ names: "What’s in a n ame?" (II.ii.43)Upon hearing this, Romeo, who reciprocates the romance, replies belligerently "Had I it written, I would tear the word." (II.ii.57)Convinced that their love was pure, Juliet has been sold, in an unconventional act for a woman in those times, she takes the initiative and plans their future together;"If that thy bent of love be honourable,Thy purpose of marriage" (II.ii.143-144)Leading to the departure of Romeo and Juliet from the balcony scene, Shakespeare has made use of juxtaposition when Juliet sullenly states, "Parting is such sweet sorrow" (II.

Moral Challenges Essay

Morality is a highly contested topic in every day life. It can be defined as a thought process of making decisions based on one’s beliefs or desires shaped by one’s culture. A right or wrong moral decision can therefore be said to be a product of culture and law stipulated in a constitution and applied in a certain jurisdiction. In everyday life, we are faced with challenges and situations that require our judgment and actions (Kermerling, 2002). In this paper, I will explore two moral situations in which I believe I made the right and wrong decisions respectively, the parties that were involved, the reasons behind my actions and the consequences that followed my decisions and actions. Lastly, I will identify what actions I will take if faced with the same situation the next time to avoid making wrong decisions. Moral Challenges A Right Moral Decision The decision I made to take responsible leadership role and mitigate the planned students’ strike was one of the most acceptable action I ever made in my life. I was actively involved in a peace mission to contain the strike that was organized by drunken and unruly students in the university. The judgment process was affected after the students took alcohol and caused disorder in the institution (Cima, Tonnaer & Hauser, 2009). The peace mission involved the director of the faculty, a lecturer, the student leaders and a few students. The students had issues with a lecturer who had failed to show up in three lectures. While it was right for the students to complain over the absence of the lecturer, it was expected for them to follow the right procedure in addressing the problem. The organizers of the strike came while drunk and tried to convince and force the rest of the students to join them in a demonstration to the administration offices. Some students got tempted and joined the unruly students claiming that the administration has failed to act appropriately to their claims. As the chair person of the students union, I took an initiative and addressed the students and informed them that contrary to the claims of some of them, the issue was being addressed and that the lecturer in question had been summoned and appropriate solution would be arrived at soon. I spoke with wisdom, â€Å"Comrades, we are gathered here to inquire about our rights to have normal and uninterrupted studies. Besides, any missed lecture means waste of time and resources. However, the lecturer in question has been summoned and the decision will be communicated to us in appropriate time. Furthermore, I have called the director of the faculty and informed me that he will be here with us in the next one hour. Therefore, I request all of us to have patience since the issue is being handled wisely by the administration. Thank you! † My speech caused a mixed reaction with minority of them accusing me and the rest of the leaders of being sympathizers and colluding with the administration and not giving students’ interests any priority. They begun singing and chanting and demanded at the top of their voices that, â€Å"we demand that you and all our leaders join us in the fight for our rights†¦ we want to show the lecturer a lesson. † Majority of the students were convinced in my speech and they helped in calming the situation. Later, the faculty director arrived and he addressed us all giving the way forward to the satisfaction of the majority. The main architects of the strike were identified and suspended and others expelled and the university once again realized the tranquility which was important in the learning process. This benefited the administration as it served as a wake up call and they moved with speed to address majority of issues by factoring in student needs. The rest of the students benefitted by continuing with normal learning and all the issues raised were addressed with the lecturer getting a warning A Wrong Moral Situation An incident I remember to have taken a wrong decision involved taking side with my brother to indict our house help. Due to my brother’s recklessness, he had left the car keys in his girlfriend’s house. The girlfriend quietly sneaked in our compound and took off with the car whose keys were forgotten in her house. Unfortunately, the girlfriend was a drug dealer and so used the car to transport hard drugs to her customers. She got spotted by the police although she managed to escape abandoning the car and drugs. After learning that the car was in police station, my father rushed home to interrogate us all before proceeding to the police station to record a statement. On sharing with my brother we called his girlfriend and struck a deal to be silent on the whole issue and put the whole blame on the house help. Although I knew the whole truth that my brother had forgotten the keys at his girlfriend’s house, I argued in defense of my brother. I maintained that it was the house help’s responsibility to take care of everything. My brother after gaining confidence and my support, he made his remark in a family meeting, â€Å"I fail to understand how the car came to be used in drug trafficking. It is evident that the house help has been colluding with drug traffickers. The house help should get sacked with immediate effect. † He talked harshly as he left the sitting room, â€Å"He should provide a succinct explanation in this meeting or else he will do it better at the police. † I felt a push inside my heart that what I was doing was wrong but I convinced myself that I had the obligation of defending my brother no matter what and so I cared less of the consequences to the other party. This is the case that happens with psychopaths (Cima, Tonnaer & Hauser, 2009). The houses help felt much threatened and could not raise point to defend himself even when it meant he was not guilty. This led to his sacking letting my brother to go scot-free. My brother’s girlfriend and her gang made their best not to be caught in the scandal as they feared the consequences like imprisonment and fines. But the house help suffered unfairly as he lost his job failing to get paid and getting disturbed with even not knowing what could follow. I regretted of making such decision and I made a promise to myself that in case I got faced with the same problem, I would first remind my brother that it should be his responsibility to be accountable for every action he takes and that the house help has aright to expression and fair treatment. This will serve as an example and a wake up call for him to act appropriately in future. The issue of defending my brother and his girlfriend was not moral as it led to the firing of the house help. I will in future keep morals and make sensible decisions which respect all people regardless to class (Kermerling, 2002). In general, it is important that we make decisions based on our beliefs and moral codes on what is right and wrong. This will help shape our society and make everyone act to appropriately. Right moral decisions have significant benefit in the society. With right moral judgments, justice will be maintained and the offenders will be punished. Wrong moral decisions deprive the society of peace and justice. The poor and the minor groups in our society will always be intimidated as they are powerless. Reference: Cima, M. , Tonnaer, F. , & Hauser, M. D (2009). Psychopaths know right from wrong but don’t care. Human Molecular Genetics’ Special Review Issue: Molecular Genetics Advances in Neurological Disease. 3(1): 329-45. Kemerling, G (2002). Kant: The moral order. Retrieved June 06 2010 from: http://www. philosophypages. com/hy/5i. htm

Economy Oil and gas Essay

Qatar occupies a small peninsula that extends in to the gulf from the east side of the Arabian Penisula countries bordering it are Saudi Arabia to the west and the United Arab Emirates to the south it’s located in the Middle East and borders Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia. Its population is approximately 907,229 with a population growth of 2. 4 %. The birth rate is 15. 6/1000 and has an infant mortality of 17. 5/1000. The life expectancy is 74. 1 and the population density per square meter is 214. Males from 0-14 years and 15-64 years are more than females and generally males are more than females. The death rate is currently 4. 82/1000. The total fertility rate is 2. 75 children per woman. Life expectancy is 76 years for women and 71 years for men. The population is under threat as women are marrying later in life and the abortion rates are increasing The official language in Qatar is Arabic and English is the second common language. The highest percentage of its population is Arab that forms approximately 40% the Pakistan and Indians constitute each 18% of the total population while Iranian and other races form 24%. 95% of its citizens are Muslim. Qatar’s total area is 11,437 km2 all of which is on land. The climate is arid mild and has pleasant winters but very hot and humid summers. The terrain is mostly flat and barren desert that is covered with loose Island and gravel. The natural resources in this state are petroleum and natural gas. Qatar territories include a number of islands and the most renowned Island is Hawar Island. Halul is the export terminal for the offshore oil fields. (http://www. infoplease. com/ce6/world/A0840678. html) It consists of flat rocky surfaces but has some hills and sand dunes, which reach an altitude of 40m above the sea level, in the western and northern parts. It has a rainwater-draining basis in the North and Central areas. The climate is a desert one with hot summers and mild winter. Coral reefs along the ports and shallow waters make navigation difficult especially on those areas where channels have not been dredged. Long summers from June through September have intense heat and alternating dryness and humidity with temperatures exceeding 55 degrees centigrade. From November through May there are moderate temperatures. Winter temperatures can fall to 17 degrees centigrade. The country receives very little rainfall that fills small ravines and the dry wadis. Water is saline and hence unsuitable for drinking or for irrigation purposes due to the high mineral content. Desalination of seawater is a common practice in Qatar. Through desalination In the North West there are jagged limestone outcroppings that rise over 40 meters high. To the South, impressive sand dunes rise up to 60 meters. Other notable features include coastal salt pans that are elevated by limestone formations along the west coast where Durkhan Oil fields and massive sand dunes surrounding Khor al Udaid which is an inlet of the gulf in the South East known as inland sea. Halul, the most important island, lies about 90 kilometers east of Doha and it serves as a storage area and as a loading terminal for oil from surrounding offshore fields. Qatar is limestone and dolomite peninsula of both flat and rocky surfaces and extreme desert conditions. The coasts are generally low with marine terraces and Sabkhas in several places. The sand dunes have moved progressively southwards due to the effect of the prevailing winds. Major Sand dunes are situated in the south eastern parts while limestones are to the western and northern parts of the country. Most land is quiet, uncultivated and scenically beautiful. It contains geographical features that are peculiar to the western side of the Arabian Gulf. There are the rainwater draining basin to the north and central parts which are considered the most fertile and attract heavy agricultural investment. Khor al-Udaid is a deep inlet from the sea on the south east coast. It is a ‘water sanctuary’ and fishing for commercial purposes is banned. It is a sea bay that harbors sea animals like sea turtles, water fowls, and sea birds. It is also an important breeding ground for dolphins. Flamingos also gather there during winter. It also has ponds like the Umm-Said sewage pond and Salwa road ponds. Al-Aliyah Island is also an important feature. It is located 13kilometers to the north east of the capital, Doha. It consist weathered limestone rocks and has uneven patches of salt tolerant bushes. It is an abode of shore birds, gulls, and* Al-Dhakita mangrove located 7 km north Al Khor consist of a group salt water bays. With dense mangrove growth with broad mud flats and salt marshy vegetation. It has valuable fish and shrimp stocks and is important destination for wintering birds and water ducks and flamingoes. Sabkha refers to flat saline areas of sand or silt lying above the water table and often containing soft nodules and veins of gypsum and a hydrite that was deposited over a long time by the action of wind blown sand. They have a crust of halite and gypsum. Caves or dulus are also widespread in Qatar. Ground water and rainwater reaction with soft surface and subsurface dissolves in limestone and gypsum creating cavities and the ceilings may collapse exposing the interior. It contains ten substantial caves although most have collapsed to form depressions and dolines of the northern Qatar. Sand dunes are also prominent features in Qatar. They have a crescent shape as the wind ward face is ripped off by the wind action. The leeward side collapses under the driving wind. Qatar has an interesting plateau of tertiary limestone standing out in the desert about 20meters high. This is between Dukhan through Umm Bab towards the Saudi Arabian border. Low hills are mushroom shaped due to erosion of underlying softer rocks. Gypsum crystals are also common. They are found south of Umm Said and are formed when high tides bring sea water into Sabkha. As the water evaporates, it forms gypsum crystals that appear as low crystalline forms. To the western side Geodes are found. Natural hazards that are dominant here are haze dust storms and the common sand storms. Most of its population is literate and the illiteracy levels are very minimal. Political system The government type of Qatar is emirate. The capital city is Doha. There are 10 municipalities that include. Al Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumaliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan, Al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Said and Umm Salal. The 3rdSeptember is the national holiday when people commemorate their independence. The capita city Doha is located on the central East Coast and it’s major functions are administrative, commercial and it is a population center. It is located on a harbour. Other ports include Umm Said Al Khor and Al Wakrah, Umm Said and Doha handle commercial shipping . The legal system is based on Islamic and civil law codes and the Amir controls the discretionary system of law. However civil codes are being implemented. The Islamic law dominates family and personal matters. Amir Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani has been the chief of the state since 27th June 1995 after a bloodless coup. His father was not able to handle the country’s economic reforms. Since it is a monarchial government the father did not lose his title as much power was already in his sons. Crown prince Jassim did not want to be king and he abdicated in favor of his younger brother. He rose to power after outdoing his father Amir Khalifa. The government is constitutional monarchy and the president’s fourth son Tamin bin Hamad is the selected heir. Amir Hamad was the Armed forces commander and defense minister when he seized power from his father who was out of the country. He retains that title to date. He survived an attempted coup in 1996. He had also taken his father t court on alleged state fund misappropriation. However this matter was solved outside the court. Amir Hamad Khalifa father had deposed his cousin Emir Al-Thani family continued to hold power after independence in 1971. Government departments are responsible for ensuring economic and social progress. The emir’s leadership is influenced by consultation’s consensus and personal appeal. He is not accountable to anyone and he cannot violate the Islamic laws sharia. In per taking his functions he must seek the opinion of the leading notable and religious leaders. Expatriate and residents are excluded from elections. The role of municipal council is not executive but offering advice to the minister. . The prime minister is Hamad bin Jasim bin Jabir al-Thani since April 3rd 2007. His deputy is Abdullah bin Hamad al-Atiyah. He replaced Abdullah bin Khalifa who resigned April 2007. The cabinet comprises of council of ministers all of which are appointed by the monarchy. Elections are rarely done since the system of ruling is monarchial. However in April 2003 it held nationwide election for a 29-member central municipal council (CMC). The CMC has consultative powers geared to improving the efficiency in provision of municipal service. The advisory council or Maljis al-shura has 35 members who are appointed by the monarchy. Council members have their terms extended after every four years. However since the establishment of a new constitution in 2005, 10 more positions were to be introduced and the public had a chance to elect 2/3 of the seats while Amir the president appoints the other 1/3. Introduction of the first constitution would guarantee freedom expression assembly and religion and increment of parliament seats. Elections are to be conducted late this year. Amir appoints all judges based on recommendations of supreme judiciary council. The branches of the judiciary are courts of first instance appeal and cassation. Since it’s a monarchial government there are no political leaders or parties and political pressure groups. Women were allowed to vote for the first time in 1999 and municipal consisted of 29 members. Democracy is being incorporated ever since Amir brought liberal changes in to the economy. Economy Oil and gas are the dominant trade goods. They both account for more than 60% of the countries GDP. They also contribute to a tune of 85% of the country’s export earnings and 70% of the government’s revenue. They are the reasons the country is one of the world fastest growing countries. They have seen it’s per capital rise to equal that of European Union. Due to sustained high oil prices the country is able to build its budget trade surpluses and foreign reserves. The oil reserves in this country are more than 15 billion barrels and they can sustain continued surplus for more than 20 years. Natural gas reserves are also abundant. They exceed 25 trillion cubic meters, which is more than 5% of the word total and 3rd largest in the world. The country is undertaking measures to develop its gas field in ensuring that the country becomes the world’s top liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter. Foreign investment is also being encouraged so that non- energy projects can be improved by liberalizing the economy further. The country’s GDP real growth rate in 2006 was 7. 1% and the per capita GDP was $29,800. Composition of the GDP is mainly industry, which is 75. 8%, and service sector, which is 24. 1%. The unemployment rate was 3. 2% in 2006 and the inflation rate was 11. 8%. The major trading partners with Qatar are Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India, France, U. S, Saudi Arabia, united Arabs emirates, Germany and UK. Major imports are machinery and transport equipments manufactured goods, food and live animals. Japan receives the largest proportion of Qatar exports. Other important trading partners include South Korea and France. The service sector accounts for approximately a ? of the total GDP and creates employment for the Qatar people. The government is promoting the tourism sector in an effort to trying to make it match other industries in the economy. Qatar is the richest country in the Islam-dominated countries rising global demand for oil ensure increase prices of oil and this leads to increase economic growth. The economy of this country is not diversified it depends so much on oil and gas. Qatar’s industrial plants are located in Umm Said. There is a fertilizer plant for urea and ammonia a steel plant and a petrochemical plant. These industries use gas as their source of energy ands they are owned by state or European and Japanese firms. http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Qatar. html To control the influx of expatriate workers Qatar is tightening the administration of its foreign manpower programs. Foreign educated Qatar’s are returning back home to develop their home country. Development of other industries will enable the economy to withstand future possible negative oil shocks. Real economic growth had slowed down in 2002 after OPEC enforced oil output cuts. The gas industry was however not affected. Private investment is encouraged to ensure that the country’s economic growth does not decline with changes in the market. Steel industries have been making profits for the past 10 years, non-oil sectors in Qatar are building and construction, real estate communication, agriculture, fishing water and electricity and banking. The state provides incentives to foreign investors, which include security loans from Qatar Industrial bank QIB eliminates quantitative quotas on imports no income tax on salaries of expatriates no export duties and no taxes on corporate profit for pre determined periods. The country has a comparatively high public sector external debt. Debt has been incurred to finance LNG and other industrial products. The GDP is raising and thus the ratio of public external debt to GDP is declining. http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Qatar. html The economic challenge that the country faces is to maintain global competitiveness. There is need to improve on the macro-economic management and the public sector institutions. Absorption of new technologies ought to be done at a faster rate. This translates to more revenues being redirected in imports over reliance on one industry is an issue that needs to be addressed. Diversifying the economy is a safe approach of ensuring toast hock ups in oil industry will not adversely affect the countries economy. Investment in quality education will also be a wise approach of addressing the country’s issue. It will reduce the number of foreign employees in the country by substituting them with the locals. Leadership or quality of government also ought to be changed. Democracy will go along way in maintaining economic stability in the long run. The monarchial system needs to be reformed. Levels of unemployment ought to be completely eradicated investing heavily in human capita and education city project sponsored by the Qatar foundation has seen worlds top universities and research centers to the country. Qatar joined other emirates of the Tricia coast in forming the United Arab Emirates but together with Bahrain they disagreed about the merger but instead formed independent nations. (Crystal Jill,1995) A border dispute with Saudi Arabia was settled in 1992 although the dispute with Bahrain remains unsolved. It signed a defense pact with the US and it became the third country in the Gulf to do so. It is home of the immensely popular but controversial Arabic Satellite Television Network Al Jazeera. Contraversial because it is accused of not being free and fair in its broadcasts. Al Jazeera is not only popular in the Arab world but also globally. It was the only channel allowed to operate from Afghanistan and the first to air Osama bin Laden’s statement in October 2001. It favors those who are its allies and does not criticize or air anything negative about its own Government. (El-Nawawy et al, 2002) Pollution from oil and gas industries has negative impact on the diversity of species. It is an issue that ought to be addressed. Qatar is surrounded by sea on three sides and its territorial waters encompass 35,000 square kilometers. Marine life has to adapt to the harsh conditions of salty water and soaring temperatures.

Free Essays on Michael Angelo

Theology Michealangelo’s gigantic marble David,which he created between 1501 and 1504 after returning to Florence, brought him to his high point of his career. David was illustrated as a lithe nude youth, muscular and alert, looking off into the distance as if sizing up the enemy Goliath, whom he has not yet encountered. The fiery intensity of David’s facial expression is called terribilita, a feature characteristic of many of Michealangelo’s figures and his own personailty. This piece of art work became the symbol of Florence and originally was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in front of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall. With this sculpture Michealangelo proved his contemporaries that he not only surpassed all modern artists, but also Greeks and Romans, by infusing formal beauty with powerful expressiveness and meaning.... Free Essays on Michael Angelo Free Essays on Michael Angelo Theology Michealangelo’s gigantic marble David,which he created between 1501 and 1504 after returning to Florence, brought him to his high point of his career. David was illustrated as a lithe nude youth, muscular and alert, looking off into the distance as if sizing up the enemy Goliath, whom he has not yet encountered. The fiery intensity of David’s facial expression is called terribilita, a feature characteristic of many of Michealangelo’s figures and his own personailty. This piece of art work became the symbol of Florence and originally was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in front of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall. With this sculpture Michealangelo proved his contemporaries that he not only surpassed all modern artists, but also Greeks and Romans, by infusing formal beauty with powerful expressiveness and meaning....

Behaviour Therapy for Child Sleep Disorder

Behaviour Therapy for Child Sleep Disorder Aims: Outlines the nature of behavioural aspects of children’s sleep and how these might be addressed by behaviour therapy. Clinical considerations concerned with the use of behavioural therapy are also highlighted. Consider behavioural aspects (ie, learned behaviours) and their relevance for our understanding of children’s sleep patterns and management of their sleep disorders. Increase awareness of how behavioural factors may play a role in the development and treatment of wide-ranging paediatric sleep disorders and to discuss clinical considerations relevant to management planning and decisions about whether to refer a child for specialist behavioural therapy. Classification: International Classification of Sleep Disorders of ‘‘behavioural insomnia of childhood’’:Â  (present with difficulty settling to sleep, nightwaking and/or early waking difficulties) Overall prevalence rates of 30% ‘‘inappropriate sleep onset asso ciations’’ (ie, where the child has not learnt to fall asleep without a set of problematic or demanding conditions such as parents’ being present), ‘ ‘limit-setting sleep disorder’’ (ie where the care giver demonstrates insufficient or inappropriate limit-setting to establish appropriate sleep behaviour in the child) ‘‘combined’’subtype where these two problems co-exist. 25–50% of 6–12-month olds have difficulty settling to sleep or waking in the night do not decrease with age: by age 3 years, 25–30% have sleeplessness problems With similar percentages reported for the 3–5-year age group, 43% of 8–10-year olds 23% of 10– 17-year olds. These problems are not transient; an epidemiological study of a cohort of 5-year olds suggested that sleeping problems at age 5 years were significantly associated with sleeping difficulties at age 6 months (or before) and that children with sleep problems at age 5 years were more likely to have sleeping problems at 10 years. Over 80 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, which are divided into six main categories: insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnia of central origin, circadian rhythm disorders (ex. Delayed sleep phase syndrome) parasomnias (ex. Sleep terrors, nightmares) Helped by beh therapy. sleep-related movement disorder (ex. nocturnal headbanging) (in preliminary reports) Behavioural Interventions: Classical conditioning is a form of associative learning whereby a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus, which evokes the desired behavioural response until, after multiple pairings, the neutral stimulus alone is sufficient to elicit the desired behaviour; thus behaviours are conditioned to be elicited by antecedent conditions. Operant conditioning involves the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behaviour. The particular intervention strategy used will vary depending on family and child factors and the nature of the sleep disturbance one hopes to address. General Principles: (The more consistently these principles are applied, the easier it will be for the child to learn) Behaviour can be encouraged by linking it with an antecedent stimulus, which serves to trigger the desired behaviour. Reinforcement- Behaviour is likely to recur if the consequences of the behaviour were reinforcing for the child. (Can be pos or neg) Extinction, or removing reinforcement (eg, drinks, parental presence, attention) maintaining the undesired behaviour (eg, crying, refusal to settle to sleep without the above) can be achieved gradually or abruptly. Shaping- A new behaviour can be encouraged by rewarding a series of responses that more and more closely resemble the desired behaviour. Punishment- Behaviour is less likely to occur if followed by a punishing consequence. (Can be pos or neg) Rewards Success

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Executive Summary - Essay Example Once this is achieved, the productivity will be enhanced automatically. This approach was selected to solve the problem of the Polska Pipe Works and make it a successful joint venture between the Americans and thee Polish because the pros of this approach far outweigh the cons. The approach would improve communication system which in turn, will enable the management to identify issues in their nascent stage by addressing them immediately. This will eradicate differences between the management and the employees and a culture of mutual harmony would materialize. The threat of this approach was of the opportunity cost of resources and time which were to be allocated to the various production aspects. This challenge has been met by staging the approach into six parts, and preparing a schedule covering 14 months for that. This planning and scheduling helps lower the costs of resources. This paper discusses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of establishing a joint venture named â€Å"Polska Pipe Works† in Poland between a renowned American company named â€Å"Stewer Technologies† and a Polish company. The strengths of the business include an opportunity for the Polish to benefit from the experience and technological expertise of the Americans. The weaknesses of the business include difficulty of cultural integration and addressing of the employees’ motivational concerns. Opportunities include government support to the foreign investors in Poland, and huge market value of the product. Threats include lost quality of work and productivity because of the weaknesses of a joint venture between the Americans and the Polish. While the American employees are facing difficulty adjusting in the Polish culture, Polish workers are more concerned about benefits of working with the American employer than learning skills

Causes Of Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Causes Of Cancer - Essay Example Occupation-related cancer comprises 5 to 20% of the cases. The minimum of 200,000 people worldwide dies annually from cancer induced by harmful workplace conditions. The majority of deaths linked to occupational risk factors happen in the developed countries. In the U.S. only, 20,000 cancer deaths and 40,000 newly registered cases a year can be attributed to dangerous chemicals inhaled or contacted with while at work. Genetic factors can also play a crucial role in cancer development. Mutations of the genome alter the growth patterns and make targeted cells potentially cancerous. Sometimes, genetic mutations may be present from the moment of birth, and a syndrome is called family cancer syndrome. The mutation usually occurs in one or several tumor suppressor genes. Such individuals are predisposed to having cancer, but they do not necessarily develop clinical signs. Every gene is represented in the cell with two copies called alleles. Cancer syndromes are usually transferred in the autosomal dominant way. This means that even one altered allele is enough for the individual to be predisposed to cancer. Potential children of such a person and an individual with two intact alleles are at a 50% risk of being born sick (Brown & Anderson, 2007). The regularity, called a two-hit hypothesis, says that the first hit is the genome mutation and the second one happens later in life. Since only one allele is to be altered, the chance of developing a disease is higher in affected people than in the rest of population.

Analysis of Advert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis of Advert - Essay Example 3). Marketing strategy is a plan to which the firms should adhere to so to have an upper hand over its competitors and plans to achieve the desired objectives. In formulation of the marketing strategy and to sell the product effectively, analysis of cost benefit should be undertaken. Nike: Ad Appeal Nike is the leading innovator in footwear for the athletic including apparels, accessories and equipment. Mission of Nike is to bring inspiration along with innovation to each and every athlete across the globe. Nike’s consumer affairs mission aims to provide the customers with the highest standard of service building loyal consumer relationship across the globe (Nike, 2011). The above prints advertisement describes the advertising strategy along with the aim and motive of the company. Nike mission is to provide innovative and comfortable footwear, apparel and other accessories to the athletic around the world and this is depicted truly through the above given prints advertisements . ... Nike with its â€Å"Just Do It† campaign was able to increase the domestic share and worldwide sales. The campaign had captured the corporate philosophy of determination, grit and of course passion. Nike is known for determination, detachment and unsentimental attitude. However with its campaign of â€Å"Just Do It† it was able to reassure the consumers that Nike was a quality brand. Celebrity endorsement has also appealed to consumers and it became a self fulfilling image (CFAR, 1998). Marketing Concept The marketing concept will take into consideration the following which help to determine the marketing strategy of Nike and further implementation on the same. Segmentation Segmentation is necessary for business to perform as it helps the firm to differ its product from its competitors which gives rise to healthy competition. All consumers are not alike and thus different consumers have different types of needs and thus by segmentation the market place and by choosing t he target market, companies will be able t provide all the benefits to its desired market segment. Once the target market has been identified along with the segment the company will be able to decide on the mode of advertising. The prints ads of Nike clearly have indicated the segment that Nike caters to. In all the prints ads of Nike along with the two print ads shown in this section determine the segment of Nike. Nike has segmented its product for the young and for the middle aged people within the age group of 20 to 50 years. Based on economic segmentation Nike has segmented its product accordingly to the lifestyles of high, medium and also for the low end customers. Geographically Nike has segmented the market into various segments

Risk Management Plan For A Bakery Business Management Essay

Risk Management Plan For A Bakery Business Management Essay After Graduation I want to pursue my career as a Bakery Business Entrepreneur. Food is one of the basic essentials of life therefore a proper industrial bakery channel is likely to yield high profits. The business has great potential for expansion as by starting off with a small industry I can make retail and wholesale stores. How dubious the economic situation may be this business generally keeps on moving if quality standards are maintained. My bakery will offer all sorts of breads, muffins, pastries, cakes etc. with special attention for catering to the needs of gluten allergy sufferers. Before starting my own business Ill survey present bakeries operating in the country, analyze the success rate of the most valued existing franchises and then hire professional bakers on the basis of merit. Risk Management Plan: A successful risk management initiative should be proportionate to the level of risk in the organization (as related to the size, nature and complexity of the organization), aligned with other corporate activities, comprehensive in its scope, embedded into routine activities and dynamic by being responsive to changing circumstances (IRM, 2010). Following is the brief description of risk management plan that Ill adopt once my business swings into action. My plan will begin with the process of risk assessment that aims to make employers more apt for taking the right action in terms of improving workplace production, safety, health, etc. therefore let us discuss the major risks associated with the development of a baking industry. Property Risks that could arise from ownership or renting: Normally all entrepreneurs suffer three kinds of losses: the property loss which could be direct or indirect, the liability loss and income loss concerned with employees unforeseen predicaments. Direct property loss may occur due to calamities like fire, thunderstorm, theft etc. In bakeries equipment and surroundings is often at risk of catching fire. In case of catastrophe, specialized waste management firms might be contacted to clear the debris and the firm would have to continue daily activities in a temporary accommodation. Companys statistical records would be saved elsewhere to avoid major losses. Indirect property losses may result in renovation of the damaged property e.g. the factory in baked items are made, paying transport vans rentals after the vehicle was stolen etc. In order to avoid such issues my businesss property would be properly insured so that any loss from unforeseen events could be compensated. An insurance agent will provide checklists to help identify total property loss. All information regarding site ownership and purchased price documents would be kept handy (Dorfman, 1998, p. 68). Liability Risks: Liability insurance is one of the most important steps while launching a business that is often overlooked. Product liability occurs when a firms products allegedly injure the public. Environmental impairment liability arises from violating federal or state statutes designed to protect the environment, or from lawsuits from parties claiming injury caused by a firms improper handling of toxic substances(Dorfman, 1998, p.51). As the chief owner my business will include employers liability, public liability, stock, building, vans and money insurance. Product liability and other quality related issues will require the services of an attorney to make sure that the procedures are standardized, this will surely put up extra cost but it is worth all the effort as a little mistake is likely to destabilize business. Proper insurance of the bakery business is essential. To get my bakery franchise legalized, Ill have to abide by government regulations like obtaining a bakery license regulated by the state. E.g. In California Bakery Licences are issued by the Department of Alcoholic Beverages. In order to avoid any risks Ill obtain a business license LLC and a Tax i.d. number. A Foot Handler permit would be needed by employees of the bakery. Another essential step is the hygiene factor. From raw material till the transportation of bakery items special care is needed. For food safety management, government has launched specific standards like the Food Legislation (Local and EU legislation), GMP that stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, Good Hygiene Practices (GHP). The quality of bakery items should be in accordance with the Quality management international system like the ISO 9001, ISO 22000, BRC and others (Ehavald, 2009). Auto Risks: Auto insurance compensates the financial losses if the vehicle undergoes an accident while in business use e.g. while transporting of bakery products. My bakery business would be auto risk insured before hand. Insurance company will provide property, medical and liability finance in case of auto risk occurrence. Property financing would be given in case the transport vehicle is stolen by theft. Liability coverage compensates the damage done to others as a legal responsibility. Medical expenses will be paid for the funeral, lost salary or injury treatments of employees who suffered in the accident. The agreement with the insurance company includes specified regular payments made by the employer (Dorfman, 1998, p.272). OSHA concerns: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) is a federal law brought into action in 1970. Its main aim was to ensure a safe working environment for the employees. OSHA creates two duties for employers. One is to remove all recognized hazards from the work environment. The second is to comply with the standards for a safe working environment as published in the Bulletin from The Department of Labor(Dorfman, 1998, p.272). OSHA inspectors take on-site reviews and in case of violation heavy fines are charged to the employer. In order to manage this risk my business manager will keep a detailed record of any occupational hazards that resulted in severe injury or death of an employ. Lessons will be learnt to avoid future incidents. For new workers training will be provided for using potential risk equipment with care like sharp knives and electrical machinery. Harassment Issues: Harassment encompasses hostile work environment or sexual harassment. US Department of Labor revealed that over 16,000 cases of harassment are reported each year. Claims can be created by men, women, co-workers, managers, customers, owners, vendors and others(Dorfman, 1998, p.126). My business will be an equal opportunity for both genders. Any kind of harassment reported to the authorities would be dealt with severe penalties for future concerns. In every department whether its sales or production, women will be allowed to work on the basis of merit. Age Discrimination: The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects certain applicants and employees 40 years of age and older from discrimination on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions or privileges of employment. The ADEA is enforced by the  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Solis, Hilda L, 2010). Civil Rights Act of 1964  prohibits discrimination in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. This law is also implemented by the  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Solis, Hilda L, 2010). Keeping in view the existing laws, retirement age in my business firm would be sixty. Young skilled employees will be welcomed to join the team. Discrimination due to disability: Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits employers of 15 or more workers, employment agencies, and labor organizations of 15 or more workers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities (Solis, Hilda L, 2010). Group Disability Income Insurance: Compensation is to be granted if an employee is disabled by a work related accident. Although workers compensation benefits are rarely adequate, they do ensure economic security for the workers family (Dorfman, 1998, p.501). Long term disability benefits will be insured and remain applicable until a specified age of 60. As Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits state and local governments from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in programs, activities, and services therefore employees with mobility or speech impairments could be adjusted in dealing with the technological affairs like managing websites or dealing with the customers on telephone. The report on European Agency for safety at work states that the physical working environment should suit the employees with disabilities. In addition to the above mentioned OSH Legislations my working conditions would take into account that flooring, stairways should be slip resistant. Ergonomic Principles will be kept in mind while designing the business firm (Amelie Buffet Marie Priha Eero, 2009, p.24). Employer/Employee Issue: Keeping in mind the importance of human capital, my business will involve a well organized workforce. Suggestions would be accepted from the workers regarding quality improvement and managing teamwork. All employees must be trained yearly. Work shops or seminars would be arranged from time to time to keep the bakery updated with the latest technology for baking. Benefits for the Personnel: The personnel policies of the firm would be made keeping in mind the state laws governing in the present scenario. Health insurance would be provided to all workers as part of the employee benefit plan. A baker working by the hour can make anywhere from $8 to $14 per hour on average with an annual salary ranging from $15,000 to $20,000 each year. A baker can require higher pay depending on education, experience and geographical location (Ehavald, 2009). Before my bakery will set into operation, Ill be having six months period of operating costs setback. During that time due to sudden immense expenditure being spent on security deposits and construction, advertising, permits and licenses as well as startup inventory I might not be able to give extra facilities to my employees but after that trial period, once the business is off and running, all remuneration issues will be finalized to keep my employees motivated. How to handle personal issues: Employment practices liability describes the loss potential arising from lawsuits from employees alleging wrongful hiring, promotion, demotion, termination and sexual harassment (Dorfman, 1998, p.51). Hiring an Employee: My business firm will gather in advance as much information about the applicants as possible in order to reduce the risk of negligent hiring. Federal and state anti discrimination laws will be kept in mind during the hiring process. After selecting an employee through proper channel of employment applications he would be assigned work tasks within the firm. Terminating an Employee: It may happen that the selected employee does not come up to the companys expectations. Liabilities involved in terminating an employee might mean invading the companys privacy, reputational risks are also involved. Therefore performance appraisals during job hours and an exit evaluation form offered by the firm would answer the reason for termination of the employee that would be in accordance to the current state laws to avoid any hindrance in the business flow (Amelie Buffet Marie Priha Eero, 2009). Dealing with Fraud: The firm will have a clear contingency plan for fraud. The responsible employee would be held accountable to compensate his misconduct or in severe case he might even be expelled from the job (Sadgrove, 2005, p.266). External reporting to stake holders: External reporting should provide useful information to stakeholders on the status of risk management and the actions that are being taken to ensure continuous improvement in performance. Firms need to report to its stakeholders on a regular basis, setting out its risk management policies and the effectiveness in achieving its objectives. Increasingly, stakeholders look to organisations to provide evidence of appropriate corporate behaviour in such areas as community affairs, human rights, employment practices, health and safety, and the environment(IRM, 2010). Identifying the risks factors beforehand will help to prevent crisis. The business firm will develop polices to handle risk situations and managers will be appointed in each department to monitor the major risk areas. Quality would be a major detriment in the success of my firm. I hope that once this risk management plan is activated risk losses will reduce to a minimum and profitability is forecasted to occur within a couple of months. Work cited: Amelie Buffet Marie Priha Eero(2009) Workforce Diversity and Risk Assessment: Ensuring everyone is covered. Retrieved at: http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/TE7809894ENC Dorfman Mark S(1998).Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance 6th Edition. Prentice Hall. Ehavald Helen (2009) Food Safety Risk Management In Bakeries. 3rd SaFoodnet seminar. Retrieved at: http://newananas.vtt.fi/virtual/safoodnet/tallinn/15ehavald.pdf. Sadgrove Kit (2005) The complete guide to business risk management 2nd edition. Gower Publishing.Ltd. Solis Hilda L (2010).United States Department of Labour. Retrieved at: http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/discrimination/agedisc.htm. A structured approach to enterprise risk management (ERM) and the requirements of ISO 31000 (2010). Retrieved at: http://www.theirm.org/documents/SARM_FINAL.pdf. How to start a bakery business. Insights to getting started (2010). Retrieved at: http://www.atouchofbusiness.com/tips/ideas/BakeryBusiness-0015.html